Total hip replacement

A total hip replacement, also known as total hip arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased hip joint is replaced with an artificial joint, called a prosthesis. Here’s a step-by-step description of a total hip prosthesis operation:

1. Anesthesia: The patient is placed under general anesthesia or regional anesthesia to ensure they are unconscious or numb during the procedure.
2. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint, typically along the side or front of the hip. The length of the incision may vary based on the surgeon’s preference and the patient’s anatomy.
3. Hip Joint Exposure: The surgeon carefully moves muscles and other tissues aside to access the hip joint. This allows them to visualize the damaged joint and prepare it for the prosthesis.
4. Removal of the Femoral Head: The surgeon removes the damaged femoral head (the ball-shaped part of the thigh bone) from the hip socket (acetabulum). This is typically done by cutting the femur (thigh bone) above the femoral head.
5. Preparation of the Acetabulum: The acetabulum is prepared to receive the acetabular component of the prosthesis. The damaged cartilage and any remaining bone are removed, and the socket is reshaped to accommodate the prosthesis.
6. Implantation of the Acetabular Component: The surgeon inserts the acetabular component, which is a cup-shaped part of the prosthesis, into the prepared socket. It may be press-fit or cemented into place, depending on the specific type of prosthesis used.
7. Femoral Component Placement: The surgeon prepares the femur to receive the femoral component of the prosthesis. This involves removing any damaged bone and shaping the end of the femur to fit the prosthesis.
8. Implantation of the Femoral Component: The femoral component, which includes a stem that fits into the femur and a ball that will replace the removed femoral head, is inserted into the prepared femur. It may be press-fit or cemented in place, depending on the type of prosthesis.
9. Stability and Range of Motion Check: The surgeon checks the stability and range of motion of the new hip joint to ensure proper placement and function. They may adjust the position or tension of the components as needed.
10. Wound Closure: Once the components are properly positioned, the surgeon closes the incision with sutures or staples. A sterile dressing or bandage is applied to the wound.
11. Recovery: The patient is taken to a recovery area for monitoring as the effects of anesthesia wear off. Pain management, physical therapy, and rehabilitation exercises are typically initiated to facilitate the recovery process.